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|previous_type=SR |previous_route=79 |next_type=SR |next_route=80 |counties=Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, Cochise〔 }} U.S. Route 80 (US 80) also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway was a major transcontinental highway which existed in the U.S. state of Arizona from November 11, 1926 to October 6, 1989.〔 At its peak, US 80 traveled from the California border in Yuma to the New Mexico state line near Lordsburg. Locals often used US 80 to reach the beaches around San Diego during the hot Arizona summers. US 80 was a particularly long highway, reaching almost long within the state of Arizona alone.〔 With the advent of the Interstate Highway System, Interstate 10 and Interstate 8 both replaced US 80 within the state.〔 US 80 was removed from Arizona in 1989; the remainder of it now being State Route 80.〔 ==History== The general path of the Gila Trail in Arizona was traversed by Native Americans for thousands of years. The first non-Native person to travel the Gila Trail was a Spanish owned African slave named Esteban, who had been brought to North America in 1527 as part of the colonization of Florida by Charles V of Spain. In 1538, Esteban accompanied a Franciscan Monk by the name of Marcos de Niza on a quest, which included travelling along the Gila Trail. Father Eusebio Kino utilized the Gila Trail to establish missions across present day southern Arizona and California. In 1821, southern Arizona had become part of Mexico.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arizona History )〕 The first Americans on the trail were 19th Century fur trappers, who made use of the nearby Gila River's beaver population. During the Mexican-American War Lieutenant General Stephen W. Kearney of the United States Army sent his Army of the West over the Gila Trail, followed by companies of the Mormon Battalion the following year.〔 Following the Mexican-American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, the land surrounding the Gila Trail became part of the United States and was organized as New Mexico Territory in 1850.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Mexican Cession )〕 Arizona was established as a territory in 1863 and was granted statehood in 1912.〔〔 The Gila Trail was improved into Cooke's Wagon Road, named after Captain Philip St. George Cooke, leader of the Mormon Battalion. By 1909, Cooke's Wagon Road had become the East-West Territorial Road and North-South Territorial Road respectively. The former route travelled between Yuma and Phoenix while the latter travelled between Phoenix, Tucson and Douglas. Using funding from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Ocean-to-Ocean bridge was constructed between Winterhaven, California and Yuma in 1914. Between 1917 and 1919, the Dixie Overland Highway was established from Savannah, Georgia to San Diego, California, becoming the first Auto trail to be designated over what would later be U.S. Route 80. From Yuma to New Mexico, the Dixie Overland Highway followed the basic route of US 80 in Arizona very closely.〔 This was joined by the Bankhead Highway in 1920 and the Old Spanish Trail highway in 1923.〔 Between 1916 and 1924, these early routes were re-aligned between Dome and Buckeye to follow the Southern Pacific Railroad more closely. The re-alignment moved the routes off the northern edge of the Gila River, where the highway had been subject to numerous washouts. Paving within Arizona began in 1920.〔 In April 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, appointed by the then Secretary of Agriculture to simplify the transcontinental highways, proposed a new nationwide numbered highway system. The new highways were to follow a uniform standard of shields and numbering. This system was to become the U.S. Numbered Highway System. By October 1925, a proposed route under the numeric designation "80" was proposed along a similar path to the Dixie Overland Highway, Old Spanish Trail and Bankhead Highway. In November 1926, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) approved of the new system, which included US 80 between Savannah, Georgia and San Diego, California.〔 In 1927, a steel truss bridge was constructed over the Gila River next to the Gillespie Dam. Prior to the construction of the bridge, traffic utilized a concrete apron constructed at the foot of the dam to cross the river. At the time, it was the largest steel structure in the state of Arizona. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 5, 1981.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Historic Gillespie Dam )〕 In 1928, the section of US 80 through telegraph pass was constructed, being paved by 1931. That same year, the Mill Street Bridge in Tempe was constructed. Reconstruction and paving on the section through Mule Pass occurred in 1932. The Cienega Creek Bridge east of Tucson was completed in 1934 as was the Stone Avenue railroad underpass within Tucson in 1936. By 1939, the entire highway was paved within the state of Arizona, save for a small section between Florence and Oracle Junction. By 1945, that section was reconstructed and paved.〔 Further reconstruction of the section through Telegraph Pass was completed in 1948. The Mule Pass Tunnel was constructed in 1952, becoming the longest tunnel in Arizona. Two straighter and faster alignments of US 80 were constructed in 1956, bypassing the Gillespie Dam area and Cienega Creek.〔 Following the creation of the Interstate Highway System in 1957, Interstate 10 and Interstate 8 were both slated to replace US 80.〔 Construction on the first section of I-10 had been completed in 1953 as SR 84A and the first section completed to Interstate standards opened in 1955. The first sections of I-8 were completed in 1959. Construction on both Interstates progressed steadily throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Between 1964 and 1969, California retired its section of US 80 in favor of I-8, effectively moving the western end of US 80 to the California state line in Yuma.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=End of US highway 80 )〕 In 1977, Arizona requested a truncation of US 80 to Benson. The AASHTO approved the request, decommissioning all of US 80 between Yuma and Benson as of October 28 of that year.〔 Part of the section of US 80 between Gila Bend and Phoenix became an extension of SR 85.〔 In 1989, both Arizona and New Mexico requested the elimination of US 80 in both states, removing US 80 entirely from Arizona on October 6.〔 A former section of US 80 between Buckeye and Phoenix, signed as SR 85 at the time, was still used by Interstate traffic through Phoenix until I-10 completed construction through Phoenix in 1990.〔 A few sections of old US 80 throughout Arizona pay homage to the retired highway in their names, such as Old U.S. Highway 80 between Gila Bend and Buckeye.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「U.S. Route 80 in Arizona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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